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CBD is not a medicine and is not a pain treatment; scientific data is not yet conclusive.
CBD oil is most often taken sublingually — individual amounts are usually adjusted smoothly.
Full spectrum, broad spectrum, and isolate differ in their cannabinoid and terpene profiles.
Cannabuben offers exclusively lab-tested CBD products, with less than 0.3% THC, legal in France.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Dieser Artikel dient ausschließlich der Information und ersetzt keine ärztliche Beratung. Unsere CBD-Produkte sind keine Arzneimittel und nicht zur Diagnose, Behandlung oder Heilung von Krankheiten bestimmt.
RELIEF
CBD and pain
Everything you need to know about CBD and pain relief: modes of action, studies, dosage, and the best CBD products for back pain, joint pain, migraines, and more.
12 M
French affected by chronic pain
4 000+
Monthly searches
150+
Clinical studies
CBD PAIN◆CBD RELIEF◆CBD AND PAIN◆CHRONIC PAIN◆BACK PAIN◆JOINT PAIN◆MIGRAINE◆MUSCLE PAIN◆ANTI-INFLAMMATORY◆NATURAL WELL-BEING◆CBD PAIN◆CBD RELIEF◆CBD AND PAIN◆CHRONIC PAIN◆BACK PAIN◆JOINT PAIN◆MIGRAINE◆MUSCLE PAIN◆ANTI-INFLAMMATORY◆NATURAL WELL-BEING◆
01 / STATISTICS
Pain in France
Pain is the most common symptom that prompts people to see a doctor. In France, about 12 million people suffer from chronic pain — nearly one in five adults. The cost to society amounts to billions of euros each year, through work stoppages, treatments, and rehabilitation.
The most common pains in France are back pain (62%), headaches and migraines (47%), joint pain (43%), and neck pain (38%). A worrying fact: the prescription of opioid painkillers has significantly increased over the past fifteen years, while alternative approaches are often overlooked.
In this context, more and more people are seeking natural alternatives to conventional pain management approaches. CBD (cannabidiol) is among the most studied plant substances. Unlike THC, CBD is not psychoactive and is legally available in France when it contains less than 0.3% THC.
Back pain62%
Headaches / migraine47%
Joint pain43%
Neck pain38%
Muscle pain31%
Menstrual pain28%
Source: French Society for the Study and Treatment of Pain
02 / MECHANISM OF ACTION
How does CBD work on pain ?
The effects of CBD studied in relation to pain are believed to be based on several mechanisms that act in synergy. At the heart of these mechanisms is the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a regulatory system inherent to the body, involved in pain perception, inflammatory responses, immune function, and mood regulation. CBD interacts in a complex manner with this system — and beyond. For a more in-depth introduction to the basics, read our guide to CBD effects.
Unlike THC, CBD does not bind directly to CB1 and CB2 receptors. It would rather modulate the activity of the ECS indirectly: CBD would inhibit the degradation of the natural endocannabinoid,anandamide, by blocking the FAAH enzyme (fatty acid amide hydrolase). Higher levels of anandamide would mean more pronounced endogenous regulation. This mechanism is particularly studied in chronic pain states, where the ECS is often imbalanced.
Anti-inflammatory action
CBD would inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and promote anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10). It would reduce NF-κB signaling, a central switch of inflammatory reactions. Research suggests that it would act on the cause of inflammatory processes rather than simply masking the symptom.
Neuropathic pain
In cases of neuropathic pain — related to damaged nerves — CBD would activate glycine receptors (α3 GlyR), which play a central role in spinal pain processing. The study by Xiong et al. (2012) published in Nature Chemical Biology showed that CBD potentiates glycine receptor activity and significantly reduced neuropathic pain in an animal model.
Pain receptors (TRPV1)
CBD would activate and then desensitize the TRPV1 receptor (vanilloid receptor 1), also known as the 'capsaicin receptor'. This receptor is heavily involved in the perception of heat and inflammatory pain. Through this desensitization, the transmission of the pain signal would be reduced — a principle similar to that of capsaicin patches, but without the initial burning sensation.
CBD would also influence the serotonergic system via the 5-HT1A receptor. Serotonin plays an important role in pain modulation, particularly in cases of migraine and neuropathic pain. CBD would activate this receptor and could thus favorably influence pain treatment at the central nervous system level. This mechanism would also explain why CBD is studied in parallel for anxiety and mood — two states that can amplify chronic pain.
Another important aspect is the effect of CBD on oxidative stress. CBD is a powerful antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals. Oxidative stress contributes to tissue damage and thus to pain. Through its antioxidant action, CBD would protect tissues and support regeneration — a point particularly studied in inflammatory joint conditions such as arthritis and after sports exertion.
03 / TYPES OF PAIN
CBD according to the type of pain
CBD can be perceived differently depending on the types of pain. Here is how it is studied for the most common pains and which products are best suited.
CBD and back pain
Back pain affects a large part of the population at least once in their life. CBD is studied for its possible role in back discomfort, related to reducing inflammation and muscle relaxation. Research suggests that combining oral CBD oil with a topical application on the affected area is most relevant.
Arthritis and osteoarthritis cause chronic joint discomfort related to inflammation and cartilage wear. CBD is studied for its action on inflammatory processes in the joints. The study by Hammell et al. (2016) observed, with a transdermal application of CBD, a reduction in joint swelling and pain without side effects, in an animal model.
Suggestion: Topical CBD gel + oral CBD oil 10–15%
CBD and migraines & headaches
Migraines affect about 10 to 15% of the population. CBD is studied on several pathways: it may influence the release of CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide), a key molecule in migraines, reduce neurogenic inflammation, and modulate serotonin signaling. Many people report a decrease in the frequency of attacks with regular use.
Suggestion: CBD oil 10–20% sublingually at the aura phase
CBD and muscle pain
Muscle pain occurs following overload, tension, or inflammation. CBD may reduce the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) in muscle tissue and promote circulation. Topical CBD products are applied directly to tense or painful areas and are felt in 20 to 30 minutes.
Suggestion: CBD sports cream + CBD oil after training
CBD and menstrual pain
Dysmenorrhea (painful periods) affects up to 90% of women. CBD is studied for its action on the smooth muscle of the uterus and on the synthesis of prostaglandins — precisely the inflammatory mediators involved in menstrual cramps. The combination of oral CBD and a CBD warming cream on the lower abdomen is often cited in feedback.
Suggestion: CBD oil 10–15% + CBD balm on the lower abdomen
04 / PRODUCTS
Which CBD product to choose ?
CBD Oils
Versatile for all types of pain
CBD oils are the most versatile option. Taken sublingually (under the tongue), CBD quickly enters the circulation via the oral mucosa. The effect sets in within 15 to 30 minutes and lasts 4 to 6 hours. Generally, more concentrated oils (10 to 25%) are preferred. Full-spectrum oils, associated with the entourage effect, are often favored as the terpenes and flavonoids present can enhance the overall experience.
CBD creams, balms, and gels are applied directly to the affected area. They act locally and do not burden the digestive system. Particularly suitable for joints, muscle tension, and post-exercise comfort. The skin has its own CB2 receptors, which CBD directly activates. CBD warming creams with menthol or camphor provide an additional sensation. The effect sets in within 20 to 45 minutes and lasts 2 to 4 hours.
By vaporization, CBD flowers offer the fastest onset (5 to 10 minutes). The bioavailability, at 30 to 40%, is significantly higher than oral administration. Ideal for moments of occasional discomfort. However, the effect only lasts 2 to 3 hours. Many users combine CBD flowers for a quick sensation with CBD oil for prolonged background use. (Always check the local legal framework before any purchase.)
The right CBD dosage is very individual and depends on factors such as body weight, metabolism, and individual sensitivity. The generally recommended method is the "start low, go slow" principle: start with a low dose and gradually increase it until you find your personal experience.
Many users prefer regular intake (2 to 3 times a day), as CBD is often described as integrating better into a routine over time. The endocannabinoid system would respond to a constant supply with better regulation, and some report a clearer experience after 2 to 4 weeks.
Important notice: these dosage guidelines are provided for informational purposes only and do not replace medical advice. CBD is not a medicine and is not intended to treat pain. If you are taking other treatments, consult a healthcare professional before use, as CBD may influence the metabolism of certain medications (interaction with cytochrome P450).
For any health questions related to chronic pain, talk to your GP first.
06 / COMPARISON
CBD vs. ibuprofen & paracetamol
How does CBD compare to the most commonly used over-the-counter painkillers? An objective comparison of the main characteristics. (CBD is not a medicine and does not replace a painkiller.)
Characteristic
CBD
Ibuprofen
Paracetamol
Mechanism of Action
Endocannabinoid system, TRPV1, glycine receptors
COX-1/COX-2 inhibition
Central action on pain (not fully elucidated)
Anti-inflammatory
Yes (moderate)
Yes (strong)
No
Effect on Discomfort
Yes (moderate to strong)
Yes (strong)
Yes (moderate)
Gastric Tolerance
Very good
Problematic with prolonged use
Good
Liver Load
Minimal
Low
High (in case of overdose)
Dependency Potential
None
None
None
Duration
4–8 hours
4–6 hours
4–6 hours
Prolonged Use
Well tolerated
Risk: stomach, kidneys, heart
Risk: liver
In summary: CBD stands out mainly for its long-term tolerance profile. While ibuprofen can, with prolonged use, burden the stomach, kidneys, and cardiovascular system, CBD has a safety profile described as very favorable, even over several months. Paracetamol carries significant risks for the liver in case of overdose.
However, CBD is not a medicine and does not replace a prescription painkiller in cases of severe acute pain. It is rather considered as a well-being supplement, and any adaptation of a medical treatment must be done with a healthcare professional. The study by Capano et al. (2020) observed that 53% of CBD users were able to reduce or stop their opioid medication under supervision.
07 / RESEARCH
Studies on CBD and pain
2016
Hammell et al. — European Journal of Pain
Transdermal CBD reduces inflammation and pain in arthritis
Transdermal CBD significantly reduced joint swelling, pain, and inflammatory markers in an arthritis model. The study showed that when applied locally, CBD was effective without causing systemic effects. The results suggest that topical CBD products are a promising avenue in an animal model.
2012
Xiong et al. — Nature Chemical Biology
Cannabinoids suppress inflammatory and neuropathic pain by targeting α3 glycine receptors
This landmark study identified a molecular mechanism by which CBD would act on neuropathic pain: the potentiation of glycine receptors. CBD enhanced glycine-mediated inhibition of pain transmission in the spinal cord and significantly reduced chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain in an animal model.
2020
Capano, Weaver & Burkman — Postgraduate Medicine
Evaluation of the effects of CBD hemp extract on opioid use and quality of life
In this clinical study, 53% of patients with chronic pain were able to reduce or stop their opioid medication after 8 weeks of CBD use, under supervision. Patients reported better sleep quality and quality of life. The study highlights the potential of CBD as an opioid-sparing approach, to be confirmed by further research.
2020
Argueta, Sealfon & Bhatt — Journal of Clinical Medicine
Systematic review on the analgesic properties of cannabidiol
This comprehensive meta-analysis evaluated preclinical and clinical studies on the analgesic properties of CBD. The authors conclude that CBD shows pain reduction in various models, with particularly strong evidence for neuropathic and inflammatory pain. They emphasize the need for further large-scale clinical trials.
2018
Vuckovic et al. — Frontiers in Pharmacology
Cannabinoids and pain: New insights from old molecules
This review summarizes the different mechanisms of action of cannabinoids in pain management. The researchers highlight that CBD would act on multiple targets — ECS, TRPV1, glycine receptors, 5-HT1A — and thus offer a broader spectrum of action than conventional painkillers, which often target only one mechanism.
08 / SPORT & RECOVERY
Sport and CBD
Since January 2018, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has removed CBD from the list of prohibited substances. This decision paved the way for the use of CBD in high-level sports. Renowned athletes like MMA fighter Nate Diaz, footballer Megan Rapinoe, and many UFC fighters openly use CBD for recovery and comfort.
For athletes, CBD is studied for several reasons: after intense training, micro-tears in muscle fibers trigger inflammatory reactions — the cause of soreness (DOMS). CBD would reduce the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and thus support recovery. It is also studied for its link with sleep quality — a decisive factor in recovery, as most muscle repair occurs during deep sleep.
An interesting point for athletes: CBD does not have side effects that would reduce performance, such as drowsiness or concentration disorders. Unlike NSAIDs (ibuprofen, diclofenac), which can weaken the stomach with prolonged use, CBD is studied for its support of the body's natural recovery processes. Many athletes combine a CBD oil for background use and topical CBD products for targeted application on stressed muscle groups.
Anti-inflammatory
Studied for soreness
Recovery
Supports muscle repair
Better sleep
Promotes deep sleep
WADA compliant
Not banned since 2018
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09 / FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Several studies suggest that CBD may have properties related to discomfort and inflammation. CBD interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system (ECS) and may influence pain receptors like TRPV1 and glycine receptors. Research is promising, particularly for chronic, neuropathic, and inflammatory pain, but is not yet conclusive. CBD is not a medicine.
It depends on the type of discomfort. CBD oil is the most versatile — it acts systemically and is suitable for most situations. For localized areas like joints or muscle tension, topical CBD products (creams, balms) are ideal as they are applied directly to the affected area. CBD flowers offer the fastest onset through inhalation but are not suitable for everyone.
The speed depends on the method of intake. Sublingual CBD oil (under the tongue) is felt after 15 to 30 minutes. Inhaled CBD (flowers, vape) acts in 5 to 10 minutes. Topical applications (creams) take 20 to 45 minutes. Orally taken CBD (capsules, edibles) takes 60 to 120 minutes, but the effect lasts longer.
Experts recommend the 'start low, go slow' method: start with 10 to 15 mg of CBD per day and increase the dose every 3 to 5 days in increments of 5 mg until you find your comfort level. For regular use, dosages often range between 25 and 50 mg per day. CBD is not a medicine: if in doubt, seek advice from a healthcare professional.
There is no known dangerous interaction between CBD and ibuprofen. However, both substances are metabolized by the liver, which could theoretically alter their effect. It is advisable to space out the doses (at least 2 hours) and, in case of regular combination, seek advice from a healthcare professional.
CBD and THC have different mechanisms. CBD is thought to act mainly anti-inflammatory and modulate pain receptors without psychoactive effects. THC binds directly to CB1 receptors and has more pronounced effects on acute discomfort but causes a psychotropic effect. Studies suggest that the combination of both cannabinoids (entourage effect) often provides the best relief. Reminder: in France, THC remains prohibited above 0.3%.
CBD is generally well tolerated. Possible side effects include fatigue, dry mouth, a slight drop in blood pressure, and appetite changes. They occur mainly at high doses and are temporary. Compared to traditional painkillers like ibuprofen or paracetamol, CBD has a significantly lighter side effect profile and does not carry a risk of dependency.
Yes. Since 2018, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has removed CBD from the list of prohibited substances. Many professional athletes use CBD for recovery, post-exercise comfort, and managing soreness. CBD may reduce inflammatory responses after intense training and improve sleep quality, promoting recovery. Note: other cannabinoids like THC remain prohibited.
While an immediate effect may be felt from the first dose, CBD is often described as fully deploying its potential after 2 to 4 weeks of regular use for chronic discomfort. The ECS needs time to regulate. A daily and consistent intake is therefore more important than a single dose. Keep a journal to document your experience.
Several studies exist: a meta-analysis published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine (2020) examines the analgesic properties of CBD. The study by Hammell et al. (2016) observed a reduction in pain in an animal model of arthritis. Xiong et al. (2012) highlighted an action via glycine receptors. Clinical studies in humans, including that by Capano et al. (2020), report that 53% of patients were able to reduce their opioid medication under supervision. Research remains to be confirmed.
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